All breeds
Cross-bred (HF × Indigenous)
All Black
Robust cross-bred striking pure-black cows.
Avg. Yield
12–15 L/day
Milk Fat
3.5%
Lifespan
6–8 lactations
Climate
Tropical adapted
01Origin
Native to
Selective Indian cross-breeding programs
Coat: Solid glossy black. Classification: Cross-bred (HF × Indigenous).
02
Production Performance
Average Milk Yield12–15 L/day
Peak Milk Yield26–30 L/day
Lactation Period300 days
Milk per Lactation5,000 – 6,000 L
Milk Fat3.5%
SNF8.8%
Protein3.4%
Suitable for
Drinking MilkPaneerCurdGhee
03
Economics
Approximate purchase cost by life stage
Calf
₹22,000 – ₹30,000
Heifer
₹50,000 – ₹65,000
First Calving
₹70,000 – ₹90,000
Lactating Cow
₹85,000 – ₹1,05,000
Pregnant Cow
₹78,000 – ₹98,000
04
Feeding
Under typical Karnataka conditions
Green Fodder28 kg/day
Dry Fodder7 kg/day
Concentrate Feed7 kg/day
Mineral Mixture90 g/day
Salt55 g/day
Water70 L/day
05
Daily Feeding Cost
Reference pricing — actual costs vary by region and season
| Feed Type | Quantity | Daily (₹) | Monthly (₹) | Yearly (₹) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Fodder | 28 kg | 84 | 2,520 | 30,660 |
| Dry Fodder | 7 kg | 70 | 2,100 | 25,550 |
| Concentrate Feed | 7 kg | 210 | 6,300 | 76,650 |
| Mineral Mixture | 90 g | 11 | 330 | 4,015 |
| Salt | 55 g | 3 | 90 | 1,095 |
| Total Daily Feed Cost | ₹378 | ₹11,340 | ₹1,37,970 |
06
Labour Requirement
Total labour
2.2 hrs/cow/day
Man-hours required per cow per day for a healthy operation.
01Feeding
40 min02Cleaning
32 min03Milking
35 min04Grooming
13 min05Health Inspection
8 min06Record Keeping
5 min07
Housing
Covered Area38 sqft/cow
Open Area75 sqft/cow
VentilationCross ventilation with fans
Floor TypeGrooved concrete with rubber mats
DrainageSloped 2% toward central drain
BeddingRice straw
08
Health
Disease ResistanceBetter than pure HF
Heat StressModerate — needs shade and fans
Tick ResistanceModerate
Mastitis SusceptibilityModerate susceptibility
Veterinary CareMonthly veterinary check-up
Common diseases
MastitisMilk Fever
09
Reproduction
Age at First Calving24–28 months
Gestation Period280 days
Calving Interval13–14 months
FertilityGood
Artificial InseminationAI widely used
Natural BreedingOccasionally practiced
10
Environmental Suitability
Heat
Moderate tolerance
Rain
Good tolerance
Cold
High tolerance
Humidity
Moderate tolerance
Best regions in Karnataka
Bengaluru rural, Kolar, Chikkaballapur, Ramanagara
11
Business Suitability
Medium FarmsCommercial FarmsHigh Volume Dairy
12
Expert Ratings
Relative scores on a 0-100 scale
Milk Yield82/100
Milk Quality74/100
Feed Efficiency80/100
Maintenance Cost62/100
Disease Resistance62/100
Heat Tolerance55/100
Labour Requirement65/100
Profitability84/100
Beginner Friendly62/100
13Expert Recommendation
Best suited for
Farmers seeking a balance of HF volume and improved Indian tropical hardiness.
Not recommended for
Very small farms with limited fodder resources.
Estimated Monthly Operating Cost
₹16,000 – ₹19,000 per cow
Expected Monthly Milk Production
540 – 660 L
Expected ROI
22 – 28 months
Advantages
- Higher yield than indigenous breeds
- Better heat tolerance than pure HF
- Steady market demand
Challenges
- Variability across cross-breeds
- Careful genetics required at purchase
- Moderate infrastructure investment
14Gallery
